How Hiv Aids Affect The Community

How Hiv Aids Affect The Community – Clinically reviewed by Cameron White, M.D., MPH — by Ann Pietrangelo and Kristeen Cherney — updated June 30, 2023

HIV destroys CD4 cells, which are responsible for keeping people healthy and protecting them from disease and infection. As HIV gradually weakens the body’s natural defenses, signs and symptoms may appear.

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HIV targets the types of cells that normally fight off invaders like HIV. When the virus multiplies, it destroys or destroys the infected CD4 cell and produces more virus to infect more CD4 cells. CD4 cells are also called T cells or helper cells.

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Without treatment, this cycle continues until the immune system is severely compromised, leaving a person vulnerable to serious illness and infection.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the final stage of HIV. At this stage, the immune system is severely weakened and the risk of contracting opportunistic infections is very high.

However, not everyone with HIV will develop AIDS. The sooner a person receives treatment, the better their outcome.

The immune system prevents the body from disease and infection. White blood cells protect the body from viruses, bacteria and other organisms that can make a person sick.

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A person with HIV may experience a flu-like illness for several weeks after exposure to the virus. It is associated with the first stage of HIV, known as the acute infectious phase or acute HIV.

An HIV-positive person may not have very severe symptoms at this stage, but they usually have large amounts of the virus in their blood because the virus reproduces quickly.

The next stage is called the chronic infection stage. It lasts from 10 to 15 years. An HIV-positive person may or may not show signs or symptoms at this stage.

Kaposi’s sarcoma, another possible complication, is a cancer of the blood vessel walls. It is rare in the general population, but more common in people with advanced HIV.

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Symptoms include red or dark purple sores in the mouth and on the skin. It can also cause problems in the lungs, digestive system and other internal organs.

HIV and AIDS also put a person at greater risk of developing lymphomas. An early sign of lymphoma is swollen lymph nodes.

HIV makes it harder to fight respiratory problems like the common cold and flu. In turn, an HIV-positive person can develop related infections such as pneumonia.

Without treatment for HIV, advanced disease puts an HIV-positive person at greater risk for infectious complications such as tuberculosis and a fungal infection called Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP).

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The risk of lung cancer also increases with HIV. This is due to the weakening of the lungs due to many respiratory problems associated with a weak immune system.

People with HIV are more likely to develop high blood pressure. HIV also increases the risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is a type of high blood pressure in the arteries that supply blood to the lungs. Over time, PAH can stress the heart and lead to heart failure.

Tuberculosis is an airborne bacterium that affects the lungs. It is the leading cause of death in people with AIDS. Symptoms include chest pain and a bad cough that contains blood or sputum. The cough lasts for months.

Because HIV affects the immune system, it makes the body more susceptible to infections that affect the digestive system.

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Problems with the digestive system can also reduce appetite and make it difficult to eat properly. As a result, weight loss is a common side effect of HIV.

A common infection associated with HIV is oral thrush, a fungal infection that causes inflammation and white patches on the tongue and inside the mouth.

Another viral infection that affects the mouth is oral hairy leukoplakia, which causes white lesions on the tongue.

Salmonella infection is spread through contaminated food or water and can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Anyone can get it

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This infection affects the bile ducts and intestines and is particularly serious. It causes chronic diarrhea in people with AIDS.

HIV usually does not directly infect nerve cells, but cells that support and surround nerves in the brain and throughout the body.

Although the relationship between HIV and nerve damage is not fully understood, it is possible that infected supporting cells contribute to nerve injury.

Advanced HIV can cause nerve damage, also known as neuropathy. This usually leads to pain and numbness in the legs and arms.

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Small holes in the conductive sheaths of peripheral nerve fibers cause pain, weakness, and difficulty walking. This condition is called vacuolar myelopathy.

There are significant neurological complications of AIDS. HIV and AIDS cause HIV-related dementia, which severely affects cognitive function.

Having a weakened immune system puts people with AIDS at risk of inflammation of the brain and spinal cord caused by this parasite. Symptoms include confusion, headache and seizures. Some infections of the nervous system can also cause seizures.

In more advanced cases, hallucinations and frank psychosis may occur. Some people may also experience headaches, balance or coordination problems, and vision problems.

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A weakened immune response makes a person more vulnerable to viruses such as herpes. Herpes can cause sores around their mouth or genitals.

HIV also increases a person’s risk for shingles. Reactivation of herpes zoster, the virus that causes chickenpox in humans, can cause shingles. This condition causes a painful rash, often with blisters.

A viral skin infection called molluscum contagiosum can cause the skin to break out in blisters. Another condition called prurigo nodularis causes crusted bumps on the skin as well as severe itching.

HIV can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild flu-like symptoms in the early stages to neurological symptoms as the condition progresses to AIDS.

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Many of the effects described above are related to the continuously compromised immune system in the progression of HIV and AIDS.

However, many of these effects can be prevented with antiretroviral therapy, which maintains and repairs the immune system.

Health professionals may recommend additional treatments, such as blood pressure medication or skin creams, to treat the effects of HIV and AIDS on other body systems.

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Our experts are constantly monitoring the health and wellness space and we update our articles as new information becomes available. Racism, discrimination, xenophobia, HIV-related stigma, homophobia, economic disparities, a broken health care system, and other long-standing barriers contribute to the disproportionate impact of HIV on Hispanic/Latino communities in the U.S. .

The donut chart estimates that there will be 34,800 new HIV infections in the US in 2019 by race and ethnicity.

A growing body of research shows that centuries of racism in this country have had a profoundly negative impact on communities of color. This impact is widespread and deeply embedded in society—affecting where people live, learn, work, worship, and play, and create disparities in housing, quality education, wealth, employment, and a host of other social and economic benefits. These conditions—often referred to as social determinants of health—are key drivers of health inequalities, putting individuals in certain populations at greater risk for poor health outcomes.

For some Hispanics/Latinos, social and structural issues such as xenophobia, language barriers, poverty, mistrust of the health care system, and limited access to high-quality health care affect their access to HIV prevention and treatment and perpetuate disparities . Addressing social and structural barriers and promoting safe and supportive communities can help improve health outcomes for Hispanic/Latino populations.

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With effective prevention and treatment tools at our disposal, the country has decades of opportunity to end the domestic HIV epidemic and eliminate disparities in HIV prevention and care. Collaboration with partners across multiple sectors – including the Federal Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. initiative (EHE) – to deliver critical, science-based HIV treatment and prevention strategies in innovative ways and to reach populations equitably.

The Covid-19 pandemic in the US disrupted HIV testing and medical services in 2020. While the full impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on HIV in the US remains unknown for some time, recent data show setbacks in HIV prevention, steep a decline in HIV testing and diagnosis, as well as a slowdown in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). recipes. In 2020, 46% fewer HIV tests were performed in non-healthcare settings among Hispanics/Latinos than in 2019.

Due to disruptions in testing and healthcare services, it is unable to estimate new HIV infections (“HIV incidence”) for 2020 or provide HIV trends for 2020. It also failed to estimate the total number of diagnosed and of undiagnosed HIV infections (‘HIV prevalence’). or knowledge of HIV status.

It is estimated that as of 2019, nearly 1.2 million people in the US have HIV. In 2019, Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. 18% of the population, but 25% (294, 200).

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