How Does Multiple Sclerosis Affect The Central Nervous System – Although many of us have heard of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its devastating impact on an individual’s quality of life, research does not support many common misconceptions, including the effect of exercise on MS.
Let’s start by reviewing what MS is. Simply put, it is a progressive neurological disease in which the fatty tissue called myelin that surrounds the nerves in the brain and spinal cord wears away. This causes scar tissue (sclerosis) to form. Myelin is very important for the transmission of nerve impulses, so the absence of this tissue reduces and destroys the connection between the brain and the body, which causes problems with muscle contraction, movement and cognition. 3, 4, 6, 7 Between 55,000 and 75,000 Canadians and more than 2 million individuals worldwide suffer from MS. 1
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How Does Multiple Sclerosis Affect The Central Nervous System
What many of us don’t realize is that although MS can be fatal, many people with MS have a normal life expectancy.4 Another common myth associated with MS is that it prevents people from moving. 4 There is no doubt that MS reduces a person’s mobility, but if caught early and treated appropriately, people with MS can maintain mobility and avoid using wheelchairs or other assistive devices. , moderate or severe, based on a 0-6 disability scale known as the Kurzke Extended Disability Status Scale. Physical injury. 3
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Many of us, including ourselves, have a hard time motivating ourselves to go to the gym and get active. We may lack motivation, feel tired and simply lack the energy to run. This inactivity can accelerate the development of secondary health conditions such as 5, 6
Imagine how the 89.6% of people with MS who suffer from excessive fatigue felt when their doctors told them they needed to exercise more.
Contrary to what we think, MS.2, 3, 5, 6 exercise studies have shown that MS.2, 3, 5, 6 people who exercised at least 2 times a week for at least 30 minutes reduced overall fatigue. The quality of life and the level of fatigue and depression decrease. 4
Maintaining physical activity is a good strategy for maintaining mobility and muscle function, but also for preventing secondary problems related to movement behavior. For most people, regular exercise leads to muscle strength, endurance and improved cardiovascular health, and the same is true for people with MS.6 Although exercise cannot reverse nerve damage, it strengthens the body and reduces the risk of obesity. Developing secondary medical conditions that complicate MS symptoms.
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Temperature is an important factor in people with MS because approximately 80% of people with MS experience a general feeling of warmth. Fatigue that can be achieved before the start of exercise. This is because the increased body temperature further reduces the pressure on the damaged nerves.
However, cooling the body reduces symptoms associated with MS. 6 In this sense, MS patients:
– Exercise in a pool with a water temperature of 27-29 degrees Celsius. Water is an excellent medium for removing heat and can be used to cool the body before exercising on land. 6
Poor transmission of nerve impulses can cause severe muscle weakness in people with MS. Weak muscles can lead to poor balance and muscle coordination problems, leading to falls and even fractures. In fact, the risk of fracture is 2 to 3.4 times higher in people with MS. 6
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For this reason, it is recommended that people with MS engage in cardiovascular exercise on a cycle ergometer or pool while reducing the risk of falling. 6
Exercising in water has the added benefit of providing resistance to movement without any exercise equipment. The buoyancy of water allows weak limbs to be supported through a greater range of motion. 7
Now that we’ve covered the situation and all the specifics related to MS, let’s get down to the “meat and potatoes”…how often, how often, and which muscle groups should be targeted?
For strengthening and stretching exercises, emphasis should be placed on the major muscle groups of the body, including the abdominals, hip flexors, glutes, groin muscles, glutes, calf muscles, neck muscles, chest and front shoulders. 3 These are all the muscle groups we use every day when we stand, walk, lift or push. Weakness in one or more of these muscle groups can cause problems with daily activities. For example, weak gluteal muscles can cause an abnormal gait, with one hip dropping when walking.
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Before you start strengthening your muscle flexibility, it’s important to have good range of motion in your joints and muscles. Increasing range of motion is accomplished by stretching.
Now that the joints are moving, it’s time to develop some muscle strength. Cardio and endurance exercises can be challenging without core strength, so some core strengthening is often done before beginning vigorous cardio programs.
Strengthening progressions should begin with light resistance in the form of a band tube, on exercise machines and finally with free weight exercises. Free weights are the ultimate progression because in exercises with free weights, in addition to those that we specifically train, many other muscles are activated to stabilize the body.
– Exercise 2-3 times a week, cycling through a series of exercises targeting major muscle groups.
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– Rest at least 1 minute between exercises or until you feel ready for the next exercise
– 1 – 3 sets are recommended to start low and move up to more sets when you are ready. It is important to make sure that you can withstand physical activity at all times.
– 8 – 15 repetitions is a general recommendation, once you can complete 15 repetitions of a movement in 2 consecutive exercises, this is a sign that you need to increase the intensity of the exercise.
Cardiovascular exercise aims to improve the health of your heart and lungs so that individuals can cope with the physical demands placed on the body and prevent secondary diseases such as heart attacks. Cardiovascular exercises should include: 3
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20-40 minutes per practice session is ideal, or several short practice sessions will add to this approximate time frame.
Chronic inactivity is very common in MS patients and can complicate and worsen MS symptoms, reducing their overall quality of life. Exercise gives these people the opportunity to exercise some control over their condition and strengthen their bodies to maintain as much physical activity as possible. Research has shown that exercise increases fatigue in MS patients, contrary to past belief, exercise can relieve some fatigue and act as a stimulant. It is important to pay special attention to people with MS during exercise and start with low-intensity exercise and progress gradually. In general, with appropriate supervision and adherence to recommended physical activity guidelines, people with MS can greatly benefit from physical activity.
1. Asano, M., Duquette, P., Anderson, R., Lapierre, Y. and Mayo, N.E. (2013) Barriers and preferences to exercise in women and men with multiple sclerosis.
2. Dalgas, Yu. and Steinager, E. (2012). Exercise and disease progression in multiple sclerosis: can exercise slow the progression of multiple sclerosis?
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4. Martinez, G.G. and Kravitz, L. (2013). How can exercise help people with multiple sclerosis? Research shows that mild to moderate physical activity can reduce the stress of living with MS. In MS, the immune system attacks the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Experts don’t know what causes MS, but they have identified trends in who gets it.
In multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks the nerve sheaths (myelin) of the brain and spinal cord. This impairs their ability to send signals to the rest of the body.
Autoimmune disease: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. This means that the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues. In MS, immune system cells attack myelin, the sheath that covers nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).
Myelin and Sclerosis: Myelin is a covering of fatty tissue that protects and protects nerve fibers, like insulation around a wire. Myelin helps electrical signals travel along nerve fibers. Damage to myelin and nerve fibers is called demyelination. The resulting scarring is called sclerosis.
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Impaired signals: Impairment can slow or block the electrical signals that carry information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. It can cause problems with vision, movement, muscle strength, coordination and thinking.
Results vary: Symptoms and how quickly the disease progresses vary from patient to patient. Some people have minor or mild symptoms. Some have few or no symptoms for months or years. For others, MS may be disabled. MS cannot yet be cured, but treatments can slow the disease and control symptoms. Most patients can
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